The Effects of Renewable and Non-renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth on CO2 Emissions: Empirical Evidence from Developing Countries

This study examines the effects of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption economic growth on CO2 emissions for 53 developing countries during period 1990-2014. For this purpose, employs a two-step difference Generalized Method Moments (GMM) approach. Empirical results show that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between emissions, which shows validity environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. The effect (REC) was found to be negative significant, while (NREC) positive significant. Moreover, both positively affect growth. Thus, aiming reduce consequent pollution, it necessary share NREC in total increase REC. Furthermore, because affects growth, efficiency resources should increased order not damage process decreasing use.